The High Court ultimately agreed with the first judge's view that "parenthood" is a holistic concept, one informed by biology and psychology. In Robert's case, it was the existence of both these elements that saw parentage determined in his favour. And rightfully so. The evidence showed him as having all the traits of being an nurturing and involved father. He had moved homes to be closer to the child, contributed financially, and the father/child relationship from all accounts was close and affectionate. These bonds extended to Robert's partner and the child's grandmother, who was a consideration in determining whether the child should relocate to New Zealand.